Volume 12, Issue 3 (spring 2026)
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Mahdizadeh A, Sadeghi H, Tehrani P. The Effect of 12 Weeks of Balance–Strength Exercise on Postural Stability in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. IJRN 2026; 12 (3) : 5
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-960-en.html
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-960-en.html
Department of Sport Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran h.sadeghi@khu.ac.ir & Department of Sport Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Kinesiology Research Center, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (26 Views)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most prevalent skeletal disorder, characterized by reduced bone mineral density. Physical activity has increasingly been acknowledged as a non-pharmacological approach in recent years, with research highlighting its contribution to the improvement of functional indicators related to the disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 12-week balance–strength training program on postural stability in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Methods: 24 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years diagnosed with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group (n = 12 per group). Participants in the experimental group engaged in a balance–strength training program for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week). Functional balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and clinical balance was evaluated by measuring center of pressure (COP) sway in the anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions using a force plate across four tests: two-legged stance with eyes open (TLEO), two-legged stance with eyes closed (TLEC), semi-tandem stance with eyes open (STEO), and semi-tandem stance with eyes closed (STEC).
Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in BBS scores and mean COP velocity in the AP direction during STEO and STEC tests in the experimental group (p < 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the ML direction across tests (p > 0.05). Additionally, after 12 weeks of balance–strength training, both functional and clinical balance improved significantly in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: A 12-week balance–strength training program led to significant improvements in postural stability measures among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Exercise training reduces balance impairments by positively influencing the factors and systems involved in balance control. Since balance exercises predominantly emphasize the anterior–posterior plane, their effects on COP sway are more pronounced in the AP direction.
Methods: 24 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years diagnosed with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group (n = 12 per group). Participants in the experimental group engaged in a balance–strength training program for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week). Functional balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and clinical balance was evaluated by measuring center of pressure (COP) sway in the anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions using a force plate across four tests: two-legged stance with eyes open (TLEO), two-legged stance with eyes closed (TLEC), semi-tandem stance with eyes open (STEO), and semi-tandem stance with eyes closed (STEC).
Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in BBS scores and mean COP velocity in the AP direction during STEO and STEC tests in the experimental group (p < 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the ML direction across tests (p > 0.05). Additionally, after 12 weeks of balance–strength training, both functional and clinical balance improved significantly in the intervention group compared with controls (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: A 12-week balance–strength training program led to significant improvements in postural stability measures among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Exercise training reduces balance impairments by positively influencing the factors and systems involved in balance control. Since balance exercises predominantly emphasize the anterior–posterior plane, their effects on COP sway are more pronounced in the AP direction.
Article number: 5
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport Science
Received: 2025/05/18 | Accepted: 2026/01/28 | Published: 2026/06/19
Received: 2025/05/18 | Accepted: 2026/01/28 | Published: 2026/06/19
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