Volume 3, Issue 4 (Summer 2017)
IJRN 2017, 3(4): 9-20 |
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Ebrahimi M, Azkhosh M, Shoaai F, Froughan M, Dolatshahi B. Psychometric Properties of Persian version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale in Elderly. IJRN 2017; 3 (4) :9-20
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-255-en.html
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-255-en.html
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (5319 Views)
Introduction: Elderly people experience more resentments, thus they have more need & more things for forgiving associated with self, others and their situation. Professional response to this need is measure it’s objectively. As such, the aim of this study was preparing of Persian Version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale and determination of psychometric properties it in Sample of Iranian elderly.
Methods: This study was descriptive –survey. The sample included 324 elderly people (male and female) of 60 years and older from Tehran city which were selected through cluster random sampling method. Measuring instruments were Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Anger rumination scale (ARS) & Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). In order to provide evidence of validity was used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent & divergent validity. Reliability was calculated using internal consistency &Test–retest in 2 weeks’ interval.
Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis by principal component and varimax rotation revealed four factors in Persian version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale (PVHFS), But fourth factor was ignored, because of their items were loaded on more than one factor. Confirmative factor analysis approved the three-factor model. Correlation coefficient between PVHFS & parallel instruments showed enough support for convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Additionally, showed suitable internal consistency & test-retest coefficient.
Conclusions: Persian Version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale has appropriate reliability and validity for the measurement of Forgiveness among Iranian elderly & thus can be used in future research.
Methods: This study was descriptive –survey. The sample included 324 elderly people (male and female) of 60 years and older from Tehran city which were selected through cluster random sampling method. Measuring instruments were Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Anger rumination scale (ARS) & Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). In order to provide evidence of validity was used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent & divergent validity. Reliability was calculated using internal consistency &Test–retest in 2 weeks’ interval.
Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis by principal component and varimax rotation revealed four factors in Persian version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale (PVHFS), But fourth factor was ignored, because of their items were loaded on more than one factor. Confirmative factor analysis approved the three-factor model. Correlation coefficient between PVHFS & parallel instruments showed enough support for convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Additionally, showed suitable internal consistency & test-retest coefficient.
Conclusions: Persian Version of Heartland Forgiveness Scale has appropriate reliability and validity for the measurement of Forgiveness among Iranian elderly & thus can be used in future research.
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2016/11/8 | Accepted: 2017/02/27 | Published: 2017/08/23
Received: 2016/11/8 | Accepted: 2017/02/27 | Published: 2017/08/23
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