Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that its prevalence is increasing day by day. Diabetes patients are encounter with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic interval training on flow- mediated dilation endothelial brachial, nitrite/ nitrate (NOx) and secondary outcome in type 2 diabetes patients.
Method: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty diabetic patients referred to diabetes and metabolic centers of Tehran recruited in the summer of 1393.All the subjects had type 2 diabetes and well controlled hypertension . They divided into two equal intervention and control groups . Training program underwent 3 session in week for 3 month. The biochemical parameter of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL, HbA1c, insulin and NOx was measured. The effect of training intervention was analyzed with two way- ANOVA by SPSS 18 version.
Results: Exercise training caused a significant increase in VO2 peak (P< 0.005), NOx (P< 0.004), while significantly reduced glucose level (P< 0.023). However, ten weeks of interval training had not any significant effects on Flow Mediated Dilation (P< 0.189).
Conclusion: Arobic interval training is an appropriate intervention for development of physical fitness factors in type 2 diabetes patients. However, this exercise training can’t improve FMD index. It seemed    that duration of exercise training was more than the initial adjustment phase is functional, and which entry to structural adaptation.

Introduction: The beneficial effect of exercise on glucose control in type 2 diabetes is associated with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of two exercise therapy methods on cardiometabolic health of overweight middle-aged females with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Overall, 52 overweight female type 2 diabetic patients (age; 45-60 years old and fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)) were assessed for eligibility. Participants were assigned to sprint interval training group (n = 17), concurrent resistance-endurance training group (n = 17) and control group (n = 18). The combined strength-endurance group did 12 weeks, three sessions per week of endurance training at 60% of maximal heart rate and two sessions resistance training at 70% 1-RM. Intense interval training group did three sessions/week of four to ten repetitions during 30 seconds. Wingate on ergometer included 10 weeks of concurrent resistance-endurance training and intense interval training. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, high sensitivity-C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body fat, waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after 12 weeks of intensive training and combined resistance-endurance training.

Results: The results showed that following sprint interval training, there were significant changes in hs-CRP (P < 0.001), yet this wasn’t significant following concurrent training (P = 0.062). The results showed that following combined training and sprint interval training, there were no significant changes in body mass index and fat percentage (P > 0.05). In addition, it was shown that following combined training there were significant differences in body mass (P = 0.032) and waist circumference in the combined training (P = 0.000); sprint interval training (P = 0.001) and resting heart rate in the intense training group (P = 0.01); systolic blood pressure in the combined training (P = 0.005); sprint interval training (P = 0.009) and diastole pressure in combined (P = 0.001) and sprint interval training (P = 0.001). Differences were not significant for fasting blood glucose in the sprint interval training groups (P = 0.000). Serum insulin levels showed significant increases in the SIT (P = 0.000) and Com (P = 0.000), significantly. The data showed significant differences in insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in sprint interval training group (P = 0.000) and concurrent resistance-endurance training (P = 0.008). The data showed no significant difference in fasting blood glucose concentrations (P = 0.171).

Conclusions: Sprint interval training has more effect than combined resistance- endurance training for improving cardiometabolic health and insulin resistance of overweight middle-aged females with diabetes mellitus.