Showing 12 results for Walking
Dr Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mr. Ghader Ghane, Ms. Sara Valizade Orang, Mr. Farshad Ghorbanloo,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (5-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Lower back pain is an orthopedic disease that affects up to 80% of people throughout their lifetime. It seems that the pattern of muscular activity is related to the components of earthquake photography and should be considered when evaluating back pain and its treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the three-dimensional lower limb joints stiffness during loading response, mid stance, push off and entire of stance phase in low back pain patients and healthy control ones while walking.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental.15 men with low back pain as an experimental group (age 25.3±2.9years) and 15 healthy men as a control group (age 26±2.9 years), were volunteered to participate in the study. Four cameras with a frequency of 100 Hz were used to quantify gait kinematic and also a force plate was used to record the ground reaction force components. Independent sample t-test with significance level of 0.05 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Hip joint stiffness during loading response in horizontal plane (P=0.029), at mid stance phase in sagittal (P=0.009) and horizontal planes (P=0.004) and also entire stance phase in sagittal (P=0.004) and horizontal (P=0.029) planes in the low back pain group, was lower than the healthy group. In the knee joint, stiffness values during mid-stance (P=0.028) and push of (P=0.011) phases in frontal plane and at entire stance phase in sagittal (P=0.000) and frontal (P=0.000) planes in experimental group were greater than that control group. In the ankle joint, stiffness value during mid-stance phase in sagittal plane (P=0.022) in experimental group was lower than that healthy control group.
Conclusions: Due to decreased stiffness of the hip joints and increased knee and ankle joint stiffness in low back pain patients compared to healthy control ones, the design of therapeutic interactions such as athletic exercises to reinforce ankle invertor muscles, shank and thigh external rotators and abdominal muscles to improve these variables in patients with low back pain.
Dr Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mrs Maryam Anvari, Dr Aydin Valizade Orang,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (3-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the influence of sports shoe aging on the frequency domain of selected lower limb muscles in healthy individuals and those with genu varus during walking.
Methods: This study is a clinical trial. Fifteen girls with genu varus and fifteen healthy individuals were volunteered to participate in this study. Data were collected under two specific test conditions, including walking in new and worn shoes. The long time of the shoes was six months. A surface electromyography system recorded muscular electrical activity. Two way ANOVA with Repeated measures test was used for data analysis. A significant level was set at P < 0.05.
Results: Finding demonstrated that shoe has a significant main effect on frequency content for vastus medialis during stance phase (P = 0.04), for tibialis anterior during loading response (P = 0.01) and push off aspects (P = 0.002), and for medial gastrocnemius during push-off phase (P = 0.003). Moreover, the group has a significant main effect on frequency content for tibialis anterior during stance (P = 0.04) and swing phases (P = 0.04).
Conclusions: It sounds that shoe aging changed the frequency content of lower limb muscles in both healthy and genu varus groups. In some cases, this altered frequency content could be associated with the occurrence of injury.
Aydin Valizadeorang, Arefe Mokhtari Malekabadi, Aydin Valizade Orang,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (8-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: With aging, the pattern of walking is altered, and the person’s ability to walk will be decreased. Also, with the beginning of the aging process, the coordination of the postural control system was disturbed and lead to an unstable condition. A small biomechanical change in the lower limb is significant on postural control. The use of textured foot orthoses leads to improved efficiency and increased comfort. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of textured foot orthoses on ground reaction force components in older adults during walking.
Methods: The present study was of a semi-experimental and laboratory type. Twenty-one older adults with available sampling were volunteered to participate in this study. Ground reaction force data were recorded by the Beretc force plates (Beretc CorporationColumbus, OH) during walking without foot orthoses, walking with small and large textured foot orthoses. ANOVA test with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. All analyzes were performed at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed a lower peak posterior force amplitude during the heel contact phase while walking with small textured foot orthoses than that walking without foot orthoses (P = 0.003). Time to the peak of vertical force during the heel contact phase was decreased while walking with large textured foot orthoses compared with walking without foot orthoses condition (P = 0.048). Also, time to peak of lateral force during the heel contact phase was increased while walking with small textured foot orthoses compared with walking without foot orthoses condition (P = 0.021).
Conclusions: Using small textured foot orthoses compared to the large textured ones improved most of the ground reaction of elders. However, both small and sizeable textured foot orthoses were not useful on torsion stresses on the body.
Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mina Salem, Aydin Valizadehorang,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (4-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is among the most prevalent medical-psychological diseases in children. Finding treatment methods to improve these individuals is very important, scientifically. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of motor games by Montessori education theory on the electrical activity of muscles in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during walking.
Methods: This study was a clinical trial. 30 boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into control (number = 15, age: 8.1 ± 0.4 years) and experimental (number = 15, age: 8.1 ± 0.5 years) groups. Before and after 12 weeks, electromyographical activities of selected muscles during walking were recorded by the electromyography system. Exercise protocol includes motor games by Montessori education theory for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week). Statistical analysis was done by two ways ANOVA with repeated measures.
Results: During the loading phase, the results demonstrated that the frequency content of tibialis anterior (P=0.041) and vastus lateralis (P = 0.041) muscles was lower during the post-test than that pre-test in the experimental group only. During the mid-stance phase, the findings showed that the frequency content of gluteus medius muscle was lower during the post-test than that pre-test in the experimental group only (P = 0.047).
Conclusions: The reduction of muscular frequency content in the present study after training is associated with improved gait efficiency. Therefore, using this exercise protocol was recommended for boys with attention/hyperactivity disorder.
Mohammad Eghbali Meydani, Amirali Jafarnezhadgero,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Genu varus is one of the most common lower extremity complications that affect the performance of people during daily activities and exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using knee braces on the ground reaction forces in people with genu varus during walking.
Methods: The present study was a clinical trial. Thirty male students with genu varus (20-30 years old) were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group used knee braces for 8 weeks during their daily activities. The control group did not receive any intervention. Ground reaction force data were recorded by a force plate system during walking.
Results: After 8 weeks, the peak of ground reaction force in the lateral direction during the post-test increased significantly compared to the pre-test (P=0.003). Also, after 8 weeks, the peak of the ground reaction force in the anterior direction during the post-test was significantly increased compared to the pretest (P=0.015).
Conclusion: In general, braces increased the lateral peak values of the ground reaction force, which can lead to increased foot pronation and thus increase the likelihood of long-term injury.
Mrs Mina Salem, Dr Seifollah Aghajani, Dr Mohamad Narimani, Dr Sajad Basharpour, Dr Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mrs Arefeh Mokhtari Malek Abadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children. Finding treatments to improve these people is scientifically important. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motor games based on Montessori theory on external forces on the body in children with attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder while walking.
Methods: This study was a clinical trial. 30 boys with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into two groups of control (15 people, age: 8.1 ± 0.4 years) and experimental (15 people, age: 8.1 0 0.5 years) Were located. Forces on the soles of the feet (Ground reaction forces) were recorded during walking before and after 12 weeks using a force board device. The training program consisted of 12 weeks (three sessions per week) including movement games based on Montessori theory. For statistical analysis, a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Analysis was done by SPSS software (version 16) at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: The findings of the present study showed that the peak component of the reaction force in the internal-external direction during the pushing phase (P = 0.001) decreased significantly by 19.72%. The peak components of the reaction force in the anterior-posterior part decreased significantly during the post-test compared to the pre-test in the heel and pushing contact phases by 28.11 (P = 0.003) and 25.39 (P = 0.006), respectively. The negative peak component of free torque showed a significant decrease during the post-test compared to the pre-test in the experimental group (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: In general, due to the reduction of negative peak free torque values, it can be said that Montessori-style movement games can reduce torsional loads on the body during walking.
Dr Mahrokh Dehghan, Ms Arefeh Mokhtari Malek Abadi, Dr Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Lack of balance control and falling in the elderly is one of the most important causes of injury and in some cases even causes death. Finding better ways to control posture is scientifically important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using knee braces on postural control of the elderly in both medio -external and anterior-posterior directions during walking.
Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. The statistical sample of this study included 15 women (mean age 66 years, height 160 cm, weight 74 kg and BMI 28 kg / m2) and 15 men (mean age 69 years, height 175 cm, weight 81 Kg and BMI 27 kg / m2). The intervention used in this study was a type of brace by restricting the movements of Flexion (extension) and Extension (opening) or supporting the knee. The Bertec force plate (Bertec Corporation, Columbus, OH) was used to record the pressure center.
Results: The effect of group factor on the amount of maximum displacement of the pressure center was significant (P <0.05). Also, the effect of brace factor on the amplitude of pressure center changes in the anterior-posterior direction was significant (p = 0.018). Moreover, the maximum amount of displacement of the center of pressure (COPMax) in the medio -external direction during walking with braces compared to walking without braces was 32.75%.
Conclusion: In general, the values of center of pressure displacement are different in the two groups of men and women. However, braces have a similar effect on both men and women and increases the displacement of the pressure center.
Ms Haniyeh Zehtab Asghari, Dr. Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Dr. Mohammad Ali Azarbaijany,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Moving on inclined surfaces is a challenging task in daily life that creates challenges for the human movement system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare selected parameters of plantar pressure distribution in healthy teenage girls and those with genu varum deformity while walking on a slope.
Materials and Methods: The current research was semi-experimental, causal-comparative and applied research model. The subjects included 15 girls with genu varum (with inner thigh epicondyle distance of 4.31±0.71 cm) and 15 healthy girls (with inner thigh epicondyle distance of 0.84±0.17 cm). The amount of plantar pressure in 10 anatomical areas of the sole of the foot on inclined surfaces (±0, 8, ± 15, ± 20) percent in the stance phase of walking was investigated. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was P≤0.05.
Results: The maximum pressure at -20% slope in the third and fourth metatarsal bones, -15% slope of the fourth plantar bone, -8% slope of the third metatarsal bone and outer heel area, and 20% slope in the middle of the foot had a significant difference between the two groups (P≤0.05), that these differences were higher in the genu varum group than in the healthy group. The changes of the center of pressure in the slopes of ±15, 8 and 20% significantly showed more displacement in the genu varum group than in the healthy group (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that walking on a positive slope as a safe and accessible non-invasive method by reducing the pressure in the inner part of the knee and reducing the amount of foot supination can improve the pressure distribution pattern of people with genu varum and prevent early arthritis. However, more studies are required in this field.
Mr Amir Hosein Rafiei, Dr Gholamali Ghasemi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Investigating plantar pressure variables today gives a correct understanding of possible injuries to the soles of the feet. The present study was the effect of six weeks of trampoline exercises on the plantar pressure and quality of life of people with diabetic neuropathy.
Methodology: The current research is semi-experimental and applied in which pre-test and post-test with control group were used. 30 neuropathic patients were selected in a purposeful and available manner, and then they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group performed 3 sessions of 60 minutes trampoline exercises for six weeks. Before and after the exercise period, the variables of maximum plantar pressure of the patients were evaluated by foot scan machine.
Results: The inferential analysis of the data was done using the statistical test of covariance (P=0.05). The research results showed that trampoline exercises had an effect on the maximum pressure of the soles of the feet while walking (P=0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, six weeks of trampoline exercises have a positive effect on the maximum plantar pressure of patients with diabetic neuropathy, and these exercises can be used in the physical rehabilitation process of diabetic patients.
Dr. Mahrokh Dehghani, Ms Arefeh Mokhtari Malekabadi, Dr. Amirali Jafarnezhadgero,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (3-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The performance reduction of proprioceptive and plantar pressure and lower limb muscles lead to balance loss. Using interventions such as braces and orthoses can assist postural control and improve sensation in these receptors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the simultaneous use of knee braces and foot orthoses on postural control in male and female older adults during walking.
Methods: The present study was of a semi-experimental. The statistical population includes the older adults of Ardabil city and the statistical sample consist of 30 older adults (including 15 women and 15 Men). The interventions used in this study include a support knee brace with restriction of knee movements, a type of foot orthosis along with simultaneous use of both of them. Center of pressure was recorded using a Bertec force plate. The statistical analysis was done using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The value of the maximum displacement of the center of pressure in the medio-lateral direction during walking with a brace and orthosis increased significantly by 20.68% compared to walking without a brace (P=0.011). The main effect of group for maximum displacement of the center of pressure was significant (P=0.003). Paired wise comparison demonstrated statistically greater maximum displacement of the center of pressure in the male group than that female group.
Conclusion: Considering the disruption of balance in the older adults, braces and orthoses can prevent these people from reducing posture control, balance disturbance, and falling after that by creating a positive potential for these people.
Ms Fatemeh Oliaei, Dr. Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Dr. Ali Fatahi, Dr. Dovood Khezri,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Schoolchildren have to use backpacks every day on routes with different characteristics and weights to carry their staff. However, the knowledge available on its effects on walking biomechanics is very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using backpacks with different weights on plantar kinetics and balance variables among female students during the stance phase of walking.
Methods: Twenty female students in the age range of 14-17 with available sampling participated as subjects in this semi-experimental study. Participants carried backpacks with 10%, 15%, and 20% of body weight during walking. Plantar pressure data of subjects was collected by a foot pressure system. Repeated measure ANOVA was run to analyze the obtained data.
Results: The results showed that the force in the heel medial and fifth metatarsal were significantly lower in 10% of body weight as compared to 15% (p=0.045) and 20% (p=0.038) body weight. Also, heel rotation in carrying a backpack with 20% of body weight was significantly greater than 10% of body weight (p=0.031).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems, that increasing the weight of a backpack can alter the pattern of force distribution in the foot during walking. Changing foot biomechanics leads to poor posture adjustment and raises the risk of muscle-skeletal injuries among school students.
Mr. Milad Alipour Sari Nasirloo, Dr. Aydin Valizadeh Orang, Dr. Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Dr. Marefat Siahkouhian, Ms Maryam Alsadt Emami,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (4-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. This disease affects body mechanics during walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of walking exercises on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during walking in diabetic patients without neuropathy.
Methods: This study was semi-experimental. The sample included 24 diabetic individuals (mean diabetic age: 3.1±0.9 years, mean glucose level: 151.4±10.4 mg/dL) who were selected through convenience sampling. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (12 individuals) and a control group (12 individuals). Before and after the 8-week walking training protocol, the subjects walked at a desired speed on the force plate. The ground reaction force data in three directions (vertical, posterior-anterior, and internal-external) were converted from time function to frequency function using Fourier transform (harmonic analysis) and MATLAB software version 2016.
Results: Within the group, the results showed a significant increase in the frequency with a power of 99.5% in the vertical component (P=0.016), internal-external component (P=0.002), and anterior-posterior component (P=0.026) of the ground reaction forces. The post-test values of the ground reaction force were significantly reduced compared to the pre-test values. The number of necessary harmonics in the internal-external component of the ground reaction force in the post-test significantly increased compared to the pre-test (P=0.017). Additionally, the number of essential harmonics (P=0.039) and the median frequency (P=0.026) in the anterior-posterior component of the ground reaction force had a significant decrease in the post-test compared to the pre-test.
Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that walking exercises have a positive effect on the frequency content of the ground reaction force in diabetic patients without neuropathy and improves the frequency with a power of 99.5% and the number of essential harmonics in different components. It can have beneficial effects on reducing the forces on the lower limbs during walking.
