Volume 12, Issue 2 (winter 2026)
IJRN 2026, 12(2): 68-76 |
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Sadeghi H, Sadeghi H, Memar R. The effect of external wedge with different slopes on the characteristics of ground reaction forces during landing in elite club volleyball players with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and peroneal foot. IJRN 2026; 12 (2) :68-76
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-941-en.html
URL: http://ijrn.ir/article-1-941-en.html
Full Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics and Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. sadeghih@yahoo.com & Full Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, Research Institute of Movement Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (207 Views)
Introduction: Given that repeated jumps and landings in volleyball, especially with the use of an external wedge, can affect the distribution of ground reaction forces, the present study aimed to determine the effect of using an external wedge with different slopes on the ground reaction force during landings in elite club volleyball players with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and peroneal foot.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elite male club volleyball players aged 20 to 30 years in Ardabil city were selected purposively and randomly divided into two groups: a control and an experimental group. Ground reaction forces were recorded using a Bartek force plate. The variables studied included the peak anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical forces, and the time to reach their peaks during the heel contact and pushing phases. The Lunn test was used to assess the validity of the conditions for variance analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test and a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS 26.
Results: According to the results obtained, the effect of the insole factor on the time of reaching the peak of the anterior-posterior force during the heel-ground contact phase (P=0.001; d=0.916) and the push-off phase (P=0.008; d=0.842) was statistically significant. The effect of the group factor on the peak of the internal-external force component during the heel-ground contact phase was statistically significant (P=0.001; d=0.971). The interaction effect of insole*group was statistically significant on the time of reaching the peak of the anterior-posterior force during the heel-ground contact phase (P=0.004; d=0.881) and the push-off phase (P=0.006; d=0.854). The interaction effect of insole*group showed a statistically significant difference in the time to peak vertical force (P=0.004; d=0.873).
Conclusion: An external wedge with a 6-degree slope, used as an auxiliary tool, can effectively reduce ground reaction forces and prevent secondary injuries in volleyball players with a history of ACL injury.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elite male club volleyball players aged 20 to 30 years in Ardabil city were selected purposively and randomly divided into two groups: a control and an experimental group. Ground reaction forces were recorded using a Bartek force plate. The variables studied included the peak anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical forces, and the time to reach their peaks during the heel contact and pushing phases. The Lunn test was used to assess the validity of the conditions for variance analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test and a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS 26.
Results: According to the results obtained, the effect of the insole factor on the time of reaching the peak of the anterior-posterior force during the heel-ground contact phase (P=0.001; d=0.916) and the push-off phase (P=0.008; d=0.842) was statistically significant. The effect of the group factor on the peak of the internal-external force component during the heel-ground contact phase was statistically significant (P=0.001; d=0.971). The interaction effect of insole*group was statistically significant on the time of reaching the peak of the anterior-posterior force during the heel-ground contact phase (P=0.004; d=0.881) and the push-off phase (P=0.006; d=0.854). The interaction effect of insole*group showed a statistically significant difference in the time to peak vertical force (P=0.004; d=0.873).
Conclusion: An external wedge with a 6-degree slope, used as an auxiliary tool, can effectively reduce ground reaction forces and prevent secondary injuries in volleyball players with a history of ACL injury.
Keywords: volleyball player, anterior cruciate ligament, peroneal foot, ground reaction force, external wedge
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Rehabilitation in Sport Sciences
Received: 2025/04/3 | Accepted: 2026/03/3 | Published: 2026/03/3
Received: 2025/04/3 | Accepted: 2026/03/3 | Published: 2026/03/3
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